Gestational Trophoblastic Disease ECHO-February 2026

Video Transcription

Video Summary

This ECHO session, moderated by Ulrika Jonneborg, focused on management of high-risk and ultra-high-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN), presented by Prof. Michael Seckl (Imperial College London/Charing Cross Hospital). FIGO scoring guides treatment: scores 0–6 are low-risk (single-agent therapy), while ≥7 require multi-agent chemotherapy. High-risk can be divided into “regular” (7–12) and “ultra-high-risk” (≥13). Ultra-high-risk cases have a significantly higher risk of early death within the first four weeks of treatment and higher late mortality from multidrug resistance, especially with liver ± brain metastases or extensive lung involvement.<br /><br />Patients may present with diverse symptoms (e.g., oral lesion, seizures) and can have no visible uterine disease. Any woman of reproductive age with unexplained metastases should have hCG measured; very high hCG can cause a false-negative “hook effect,” requiring serum dilution. Histology is not mandatory and biopsy can be dangerous due to tumor vascularity; genetics (microsatellite/SNP testing, increasingly via circulating tumor DNA) can distinguish gestational from non-gestational choriocarcinoma, which has poor outcomes if treated as GTN.<br /><br />Recommended workup includes contrast CT chest/abdomen, MRI brain and pelvis (plus spine if brain disease), and sometimes CSF:serum hCG ratio. Imaging should be current (ideally same day; within 2 days) because disease can progress rapidly.<br /><br />Standard high-risk therapy is EMA-CO, with CNS methotrexate dose escalation for brain metastases and consideration of platinum-containing regimens for liver disease. Consolidation after hCG normalization is typically 2–4 cycles. For ultra-high-risk GTN, induction low-dose etoposide/cisplatin reduces early deaths before transitioning to definitive multi-agent therapy; stereotactic radiotherapy may be used for residual brain lesions.<br /><br />Relapse management emphasizes confirming true recurrence, excluding new pregnancy, re-imaging, considering surgery for isolated resectable disease, and using platinum-based salvage regimens (e.g., TP/TE or EP-EMA). Immunotherapy (anti–PD-1, especially pembrolizumab) shows high response rates and is recommended before high-dose chemotherapy; ~6 months total therapy is often sufficient. Resource-limited settings were discussed, emphasizing adapting recommendations and seeking collaboration/central expertise.

Keywords

gestational trophoblastic neoplasia

high-risk GTN

ultra-high-risk GTN

FIGO scoring system

EMA-CO chemotherapy

etoposide cisplatin induction

brain metastases management

liver metastases

hCG hook effect

platinum-based salvage regimens

pembrolizumab immunotherapy