In The Know-April 2022

April 2022
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The April 2022 edition of Ed's List: In The Know features several articles on gynecologic oncology. Here is a brief summary of each article: <br /><br />1. "Ovarian cancer immunogenicity is governed by a narrow subset of progenitor tissue-resident memory T cells" - This study explores the role of tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM cells) in tumor recognition and outcome in ovarian cancer. The findings suggest that only a specific subset of TRM cells, termed TRMstem cells, predict ovarian cancer outcome, highlighting their potential as a biomarker for immunotherapy.<br /><br />2. "Hospital-Administered Cancer Therapy Prices for Patients With Private Health Insurance" - This study investigates the markups on parenteral cancer therapies by hospitals for patients with private health insurance. The results show significant variation in price markups across hospitals, indicating the need for public policies to prevent excessive price markups.<br /><br />3. "Phosphate dysregulation via the XPR1-KIDINS220 protein complex is a therapeutic vulnerability in ovarian cancer" - This study identifies a therapeutic vulnerability in ovarian cancer related to phosphate dysregulation. The researchers found that inhibition of phosphate efflux via the XPR1-KIDINS220 protein complex led to the toxic accumulation of intracellular phosphate, suggesting a potential target for treatment.<br /><br />4. "Integrated Analysis of Ovarian Juvenile Granulosa Cell Tumors Reveals Distinct Epigenetic Signatures and Recurrent TERT Rearrangements" - This study provides insights into the molecular features of ovarian juvenile granulosa cell tumors (JGCTs). The researchers identified recurrent TERT rearrangements and distinct epigenetic signatures in JGCTs, offering potential targets for therapeutic interventions.<br /><br />5. "Can miRNAs be useful biomarkers in improving prognostic stratification in endometrial cancer patients? An update review" - This review summarizes recent advances in the research on microRNAs (miRNAs) in endometrial cancer. The authors discuss the potential of miRNAs as biomarkers for prognostic stratification and personalized therapeutic approaches in endometrial cancer.<br /><br />6. "Validation analysis of the novel imaging-based prognostic radiomic signature in patients undergoing primary surgery for advanced high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC)" - This study validates a radiomic signature for predicting prognostic outcomes in patients with advanced high-grade serous ovarian cancer. The findings suggest that the radiomic signature can be a useful tool for risk stratification and treatment planning in HGSOC.<br /><br />7. "Tumor FAK orchestrates immunosuppression in ovarian cancer via the CD155/TIGIT axis" - This study investigates the role of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) in immunosuppression in ovarian cancer. The researchers found that FAK activation regulates the expression of the immune checkpoint ligand CD155, which interacts with the immune receptor TIGIT. Targeting FAK and TIGIT may limit immune evasion in ovarian cancer.<br /><br />8. "PGC1α/β expression predicts therapeutic response to oxidative phosphorylation inhibition in ovarian cancer" - This study explores the association between PGC1α/β expression and therapeutic response in ovarian cancer. The researchers found that ovarian cancer cells with high PGC1α/β expression were more vulnerable to oxidative phosphorylation inhibition, suggesting that PGC1α/β could be a predictive biomarker for treatment response.<br /><br />9. "Risk of de novo cancer after premenopausal bilateral oophorectomy" - This study assesses the risk of developing de novo cancer after bilateral oophorectomy in premenopausal women. The results suggest that bilateral oophorectomy reduces the risk of gynecologic cancers but does not increase the risk of other types of cancer.<br /><br />10. "Oral Contraceptives and BRCA Cancer: A Balancing Act" - This article discusses the complex relationship between oral contraceptive use and cancer risk in women with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations. The author highlights the need for more research to determine the impact of oral contraceptives on cancer risk in this high-risk population.<br /><br />11. "Association of Pathogenic Variants in Hereditary Cancer Genes With Multiple Diseases" - This study examines the association between pathogenic variants in hereditary cancer genes and multiple diseases. The researchers identified 19 new phenotypes associated with 13 hereditary cancer genes, providing insights into the clinical spectrum of hereditary cancer syndromes.<br /><br />12. "Quality-of-Life Outcomes and Toxic Effects Among Patients With Cancers of the Uterus Treated With Stereotactic Pelvic Adjuvant Radiation Therapy" - This study evaluates the quality of life outcomes and toxic effects in patients with uterine cancer treated with stereotactic pelvic adjuvant radiation therapy. The findings suggest that stereotactic radiation is well-tolerated and may offer benefits such as shorter treatment schedules and reduced exposure to high-risk hospital settings.<br /><br />13. "Adherence to National Guidelines on Cervical Screening: A Population-Based Evaluation from a Statewide Registry" - This study assesses adherence to national guidelines on cervical screening using data from a statewide registry. The results show that a significant proportion of women are either under- or overscreened, highlighting the need for improved adherence to screening guidelines to reduce cervical cancer incidence.<br /><br />These articles cover a range of topics in gynecologic oncology, including immunotherapy, cancer therapy prices, genetic associations, and screening guidelines.
Keywords
gynecologic oncology
ovarian cancer
immunogenicity
biomarker
cancer therapy prices
phosphate dysregulation
epigenetic signatures
microRNAs
radiomic signature
bilateral oophorectomy