In The Know-February 2020

February 2020

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Ed's List: In the Know Gyn Onc Literature of Significance (November 2019-February 2020) is a compilation of abstracts related to gynecologic oncology from multiple scholarly journals. Here are the key findings from the selected articles:<br /><br />1. Transmission of X-linked Ovarian Cancer: This article discusses evidence that a BRCA-independent locus on the X-chromosome may contribute to ovarian cancer predisposition. It suggests that X-linked disease has a distinct pattern and may represent a novel target for screening and therapy.<br /><br />2. Disease-Specific Survival of Type I and Type II Epithelial Ovarian Cancers: This study evaluated the disease-specific survival (DSS) of women with Type I and II epithelial ovarian cancers based on histology, grade, and stage. It found that DSS was better for Type I EOC compared to Type II, but emphasized the role of stage in the survival of both types.<br /><br />3. Socioeconomic Status and Ovarian Cancer Stage at Diagnosis: This study investigated the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and stage at diagnosis of ovarian cancer. It found that increased deprivation was consistently associated with a higher probability of being diagnosed with later stage ovarian cancer.<br /><br />4. Serous Tubal Intraepithelial Carcinoma: This article provides a concise review of serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma, a precursor lesion to ovarian cancer. It highlights its clinical significance and the implications for screening and prevention strategies.<br /><br />5. Unanswered Questions in High-Risk Women Undergoing Risk-Reducing Salpingo-oophorectomy: This study reviews the gaps in knowledge and unanswered questions in high-risk women undergoing risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy. It emphasizes the need for further research to develop effective prevention strategies.<br /><br />6. Occult Tubal Carcinoma After Risk-Reducing Salpingo-oophorectomy: This systematic review estimates the prevalence and outcomes of occult tubal carcinoma in BRCA mutation carriers and high-risk patients undergoing risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy. It suggests that these patients have a significant potential for recurrence despite postoperative chemotherapy.<br /><br />7. Absolute Risks of Cervical Precancer Among Women Who Fulfill Existing Guidelines: This study evaluates the risks of cervical precancer in women who follow existing guidelines for cervical screening based on HPV and cytology testing. It suggests that the current guidelines may need to be adjusted to provide longer screening intervals for certain women.<br /><br />8. The Influence of Birth Cohort and Calendar Period on Global Trends in Ovarian Cancer Incidence: This study provides a comprehensive overview of global trends in ovarian cancer incidence and examines the influence of birth cohort and calendar period. It highlights the impact of oral contraceptive use and changes in reproductive risk factors on the incidence of ovarian cancer.<br /><br />9. NAMPT Inhibition Suppresses Cancer Stem-like Cells: This study explores the use of NAMPT inhibitors to suppress therapy-induced cancer stem-like cells in ovarian cancer. It suggests that targeting NAMPT may be a promising therapeutic strategy to improve outcomes.<br /><br />10. Murine Oviductal High-Grade Serous Carcinomas: This article examines the similarities between murine high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas and their human counterparts. It validates a mouse model as a preclinical experimental platform for studying this lethal cancer.<br /><br />11. Rare BRIP1 Missense Alleles Confer Risk for Ovarian and Breast Cancer: This study characterizes rare missense variants in BRIP1 associated with ovarian and breast cancer risk. It highlights the importance of functional testing for additional variants.<br /><br />12. Chemotherapy Alone vs. Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy with Interval Cytoreductive Surgery: This study compares the overall survival of ovarian cancer patients aged 75 and older after chemotherapy alone or neoadjuvant chemotherapy with interval cytoreductive surgery. It suggests that the latter approach is associated with improved survival.<br /><br />13. Association Between Genetically Proxied Inhibition of HMG-CoA Reductase and Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: This study investigates the association between genetically proxied inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase and epithelial ovarian cancer. It suggests a potential protective effect but further research is needed.<br /><br />14. Universal Tumor DNA BRCA1/2 Testing of Ovarian Cancer: This study assesses the feasibility of universal tumor DNA BRCA1/2 testing for all newly diagnosed ovarian cancer patients. It demonstrates that this approach can double the identification rate of patients who may benefit from PARP inhibitors.<br /><br />These articles cover a range of topics in gynecologic oncology, providing valuable insights into the understanding, prevention, and treatment of ovarian and cervical cancer.

Keywords

Transmission of X-linked Ovarian Cancer

Disease-Specific Survival of Type I and Type II Epithelial Ovarian Cancers

Socioeconomic Status and Ovarian Cancer Stage at Diagnosis

Serous Tubal Intraepithelial Carcinoma

Unanswered Questions in High-Risk Women Undergoing Risk-Reducing Salpingo-oophorectomy

Occult Tubal Carcinoma After Risk-Reducing Salpingo-oophorectomy

Absolute Risks of Cervical Precancer Among Women Who Fulfill Existing Guidelines

The Influence of Birth Cohort and Calendar Period on Global Trends in Ovarian Cancer Incidence

NAMPT Inhibition Suppresses Cancer Stem-like Cells

Murine Oviductal High-Grade Serous Carcinomas