In The Know-February 2022

February 2022

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In February 2022, several studies were published in the field of gynecologic oncology. Here are some of the key findings:<br /><br />1. Ovarian Cancer Screening: A study examined the significance of pelvic fluid observed during transvaginal ultrasonography (TVS) in identifying ovarian malignancy. The study found that pelvic fluid was more associated with ovarian malignancy than in the control group or benign ovarian tumors.<br /><br />2. Breast Cancer Risk in BRCA1/2 Mutation Carriers: A multicenter cohort study found that women with germline BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations had a higher risk of endometrial cancer, especially uterine serous cancer (USC). The study highlighted the importance of considering endometrial cancer risk in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers and potentially discussing risk reduction hysterectomy.<br /><br />3. Cervical Cancer Triage: The performance of p16/Ki-67 dual-stained cytology was assessed for the triage of HPV-positive women. The study found that dual-stain cytology was effective in triaging HPV-positive women, either alone or in combination with partial HPV genotyping.<br /><br />4. Recurrent Cervical Cancer Treatment: A phase 3 trial compared the efficacy of cemiplimab, a PD-1-blocking antibody, to standard chemotherapy in patients with recurrent cervical cancer. The study found that cemiplimab significantly improved overall survival compared to chemotherapy.<br /><br />5. Low-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer: A trial evaluated the use of trametinib, a MEK inhibitor, in patients with recurrent low-grade serous ovarian cancer. Trametinib resulted in longer progression-free survival compared to standard-of-care treatment options.<br /><br />6. Genetic Testing in Breast and Ovarian Cancer: A study examined the association of genetic testing results with mortality among women with breast and ovarian cancer. The study found that patients with pathogenic variants in BRCA1/2 or other genes had lower cancer-specific mortality compared to noncarriers.<br /><br />These studies provide important insights into the screening, treatment, and risk assessment of gynecologic cancers. Further research and clinical trials are needed to validate and expand upon these findings.

Keywords

ovarian cancer screening

pelvic fluid

transvaginal ultrasonography

endometrial cancer

BRCA1/2 mutation carriers

cervical cancer triage

p16/Ki-67 dual-stained cytology

recurrent cervical cancer treatment

cemiplimab

low-grade serous ovarian cancer