In The Know-May 2022

May 2022
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Ed’s List: Gyn Onc Literature of Significance (April 2022 - March 2022)<br /><br />1. Study finds that novel coronavirus information and expert guidance is available through Elsevier and JAMA. The study discusses the impact of COVID-19 on gynecologic oncology practices.<br /><br />2. Research shows that nucleosome footprinting in plasma cell-free DNA can be used for the pre-surgical diagnosis of ovarian cancer. The study highlights that nucleosome scores provide a complementary read-out for invasive disease in women with adnexal masses.<br /><br />3. A population-based study examines the familial risk of epithelial ovarian cancer after accounting for gynecological surgery. The study finds that the risk of ovarian cancer extends to distant relatives, emphasizing the importance of germline inherited genetics in ovarian cancer etiology.<br /><br />4. Racial and ethnic differences in hysterectomy-corrected uterine corpus cancer mortality rates are explored. The study suggests that increasing uterine cancer mortality is associated with aggressive nonendometrioid subtypes, but racial and ethnic disparities cannot solely be explained by histologic subtype and stage at diagnosis.<br /><br />5. A cross-sectional study compares cancer-related spending and mortality rates in the US to 21 high-income countries. The study finds that higher spending on cancer care is not associated with lower cancer mortality rates, indicating a need to understand how other countries achieve lower mortality rates with lower spending.<br /><br />6. A cohort study evaluates the performance of cervical cytology among individuals who have been vaccinated against human papillomavirus (HPV). The study finds that the positive predictive value of abnormal cervical cytology is lower among vaccinated individuals, suggesting that screening guidelines may need to be stratified by vaccination status.<br /><br />7. Researchers develop an explainable machine learning model for predicting major complications after cytoreductive surgery. The model demonstrates superior risk prediction compared to traditional methods and allows identification of potentially modifiable sources of risk.<br /><br />8. A study assesses the effectiveness of a cancer vaccine that induces a coordinated attack by diverse T cell and natural killer (NK) cell populations. The vaccine enhances the immune response against tumors expressing MICA/B stress proteins and shows efficacy in pre-surgical diagnosis and prevention of metastases.<br /><br />9. HPV and DNA methylation testing in urine are shown to be promising tools for detecting cervical cancer and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. The tests offer a potential solution to attract nonresponders to cervical cancer screening programs.<br /><br />10. The performance of HPV testing versus cytology for primary screening of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia is compared. HPV testing demonstrates higher sensitivity for detecting cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, suggesting its potential as a primary screening method.<br /><br />These studies provide valuable insights into various aspects of gynecologic oncology, including diagnosis, screening, treatment, and prognosis.
Keywords
COVID-19
ovarian cancer
invasive disease
racial disparities
cancer mortality rates
HPV vaccination
machine learning model
cancer vaccine
cervical cancer screening
high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia