In The Know-October 2021

October 2021
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This document provides a summary of several studies and articles related to gynecologic oncology. Here are the main findings of each study:<br /><br />1. Evaluation of Cervical Cancer Screening Uptake and Adherence Among Women Without Human Papillomavirus Vaccination in the US: The study examines cervical cancer screening rates among unvaccinated women in the US. It found that there has been a decline in cervical cancer screening rates among young women in recent years, and unvaccinated women are less likely to undergo screening.<br /><br />2. Maintenance Olaparib for Patients with Newly Diagnosed Advanced Ovarian Cancer and a BRCA Mutation: This study followed patients with newly diagnosed advanced ovarian cancer who received maintenance olaparib. The study found that maintenance olaparib led to improved progression-free survival for patients with a BRCA mutation, and the benefit of the treatment extended beyond the end of treatment.<br /><br />3. Risk of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Type I and II after Hysterectomy, Salpingectomy, and Tubal Ligation: The study analyzed the association between hysterectomy, salpingectomy, tubal ligation and the risk of developing type I and type II epithelial ovarian cancer. The study found that salpingectomy was associated with a lower risk of type II ovarian cancer.<br /><br />4. imPlatelet Classifier: Image-Converted RNA Biomarker Profiles Enable Blood-Based Cancer Diagnostics: This study developed a classifier that converts RNA-sequence platelet data into images to classify different cancers. The study showed that the classifier accurately identified cancer and outperformed other methods.<br /><br />5. Impact of Surgeon Type and Rurality on Treatment and Survival of Ovarian Cancer Patients: This study examined the impact of surgeon type and rurality on the treatment and survival of ovarian cancer patients. The study found that rural patients were less likely to receive surgery from a gynecologic oncologist, and this was associated with differences in treatment and survival outcomes.<br /><br />6. Human Papillomavirus Persistence and Association with Recurrent Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia After Cryotherapy vs Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure Among HIV-Positive Women: The study evaluated the persistence of high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) after treatment for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia among HIV-positive women. The study found that hrHPV persistence was associated with recurrent cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, suggesting the importance of follow-up screening in this population.<br /><br />7. Invasive Cervical Cancer After a Positive Pap Test Result and Negative Human Papillomavirus Test Result: The study investigated the incidence of invasive cervical cancer after a positive Pap test result but negative HPV test result. The study found that the risk of developing clinically occult cancer following a positive Pap test result with negative HPV test result was very low.<br /><br />8. Epigenetic Therapies in Ovarian Cancer Alter Repetitive Element Expression in a TP53-Dependent Manner: This study investigated the effect of epigenetic therapies on repetitive element expression in ovarian cancer. The study found that DNA methyltransferase inhibitors and histone deacetylase inhibitors increased the transcription of repetitive elements, which triggered an immune response.<br /><br />9. Paradigm Shift from Tubal Ligation to Opportunistic Salpingectomy at Cesarean Delivery in the United States: This study examined the utilization of opportunistic salpingectomy at the time of cesarean delivery in the US. The study found that the utilization of salpingectomy increased significantly, replacing tubal ligation as the most common type of sterilization performed during cesarean delivery.<br /><br />10. Quality of Life and Adverse Events: Prognostic Relationships in Long-Term Ovarian Cancer Survival: This study evaluated the relationship between quality of life (QOL) and long-term survival in ovarian cancer patients. The study found that baseline and longitudinal QOL scores were associated with long-term survival and could serve as prognostic indicators.<br /><br />11. Preexisting TP53-Variant Clonal Hematopoiesis and Risk of Secondary Myeloid Neoplasms in Patients with High-Grade Ovarian Cancer Treated with Rucaparib: This study examined the association between preexisting TP53-variant clonal hematopoiesis and the risk of secondary myeloid neoplasms in patients with high-grade ovarian cancer treated with rucaparib. The study found that preexisting TP53-variant clonal hematopoiesis was associated with an increased risk of therapy-related myeloid neoplasms.<br /><br />12. Association of Sodium Thiosulfate with Risk of Ototoxic Effects from Platinum-Based Chemotherapy: This meta-analysis examined the association between the use of sodium thiosulfate and the risk of ototoxic effects in patients treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. The study found that sodium thiosulfate was associated with a decreased risk of ototoxic effects.<br /><br />These studies contribute to the understanding of various aspects of gynecologic oncology, including prevention, treatment, and quality of life outcomes for patients.
Keywords
Cervical cancer screening
BRCA mutation
Maintenance Olaparib
Salpingectomy
RNA biomarker profiles
Gynecologic oncologist
High-risk human papillomavirus
Opportunistic salpingectomy
Quality of life
Platinum-based chemotherapy