Interactive Updates on Selected Topics in Gynecology Oncology - Endometrial-Presentation Recording

Video Transcription

Video Summary

The video provides explanations for two different concepts in cancer research and treatment. The first concept discussed is the difference between MSI (Microsatellite Instability) and TMB (Tumor Mutational Burden) status. MSI indicates a defect in the DNA repair pathway, while TMB refers to the number of mutations found in a tumor's DNA. They are distinct molecular features related to DNA alterations in tumors and have shown to be predictive biomarkers for response to immunotherapy.<br /><br />The second concept explained is the term "checkpoint inhibitors" in the context of immunotherapy. Checkpoint inhibitors are a type of immunotherapy that release the brakes on the immune system. These inhibitors block certain proteins that prevent immune cells from attacking normal cells, allowing the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells more effectively. Drugs targeting PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4 pathways have revolutionized cancer treatment by enhancing the immune response against cancer cells.<br /><br />The video also highlights the importance of a minimally invasive approach for endometrial cancer surgery as supported by studies like the LACE and COSELT trials. Technical aspects, such as the use of uterine manipulators and the impact on recurrence and mortality rates, as well as the utility of peritoneal cytology, are subjects of ongoing debate. The use of sentinel lymph node mapping is considered a standard practice for assessing lymph node involvement in a less invasive and accurate manner. Frozen section analysis or intraoperative biopsy can help determine the need for lymphadenectomy. The goal is to develop standardized techniques that optimize oncological outcomes while minimizing invasiveness.

Keywords

cancer research

cancer treatment

MSI

Microsatellite Instability

TMB

Tumor Mutational Burden

predictive biomarkers

immunotherapy

checkpoint inhibitors

PD-1

PD-L1

CTLA-4

endometrial cancer surgery

sentinel lymph node mapping

lymphadenectomy